Theories and Principles Unit 4 Dtlls Essay Example Essay Example

Hypotheses and Principles Unit 4 Dtlls Essay Example Paper Hypotheses and Principles Unit 4 Dtlls Essay Introduction In brain research and training, learning is generally characterized as a procedure that unites intellectual, conduct and Humanists components. This task shows the idea of the pertinent speculations and standards of learning and correspondence; select and fundamentally investigated of how I intend to convey these methodologies in my own educating; and think about the effect that these experiences have had on my own training and expert turn of events. What is the meaning of hypothesis? To me hypothesis is something which is disclosed to you, an arrangement of thoughts planned to clarify something, one dependent on general diagram. A meaning of standards, to me is to be stubborn on how I feel towards picked theme. Geoff Petty (2009) states that, 'each educator and each student has a hypothesis about learning. ’ To ready to finish up my own hypotheses and standards on arranging and empowering learning I have to realize what is acknowledged to other people. Examination I comprehend there are a wide range of hypotheses identifying with educating and learning. Those that I have taken a gander at are Behaviorist, Cognitive and Humanists components. These are not new ideas. Despite the fact that that a portion of these scholars are plummeted their work is still use into rehearses. Behaviorism is principally connected with Pavlov (old style molding) in Russia; and with Thorndike, Watson and especially Skinner in the United States (operant molding). In instructive environmental factors, behaviorism infers the strength of the educator, as in conduct change programs. It can, be that as it may, be applied to a comprehension of unintended learning. Hypotheses and Principles Unit 4 Dtlls Essay Body Paragraphs Old style molding in its easiest structure is a kind of molding partners by an outside boost; in Pavlov unique analysis this was a ringer, with the appearance of a second improvement which was the food, this brought about a reaction to the chime which would have been accomplished beforehand by the food. Frederic Skinner’s work was impacted by Pavlov’s analyze and the thoughts of John Watson, father of behaviorism. His enthusiasm for boost reaction of how people responded to different circumstances got entrancing. Skinner created showing machines, so understudies could get the hang of, revealing responses for a quick â€Å"reward†. Humanistic, humanism and humanist are terms in brain research identifying with a methodology which contemplates the entire individual and the uniqueness of every person by underscoring the investigation of the individual in general. This conduct explains the capacity of students to react to the exercise. John Holt, How Children Fail (19 64) states that â€Å"the educational system could annihilate the brains and feelings of small kids. His rankling assault blamed schools for initiating dread in understudies, and mortifying, mocking and depreciating them† This is an extremely summed up perspective due, to the way that Holt is discoloring all schools with a similar notoriety. Be that as it may, it is significant not to totally excuse his perspectives, as the point he makes about dread of disappointment is something we should know about in our instructing. In another humanistic methodology which likewise fits inside the humanistic range is that proposed by Malcolm Knowles (1913-1977) his examinations center around grown-up instruction which was framed in 1946. Formal projects were for those supported by instructive organizations, for example, colleges, high and exchange schools America. He executed that grown-up training was highlighted the agreeable and casual environmental factors. This improved grown-up stud ents to assume greater liability for their predetermination as they develop through the learning procedure. Subjective learning hypothesis is about how to adapt as opposed to what to realize I. e. step by step instructions to compose a report, how to review explicit realities, how to utilize figuring out how to tackle issues or be innovative. Cognitivism is â€Å"the brain research of realizing which underlines on how we think and increase information. Scholars are charmed and need to see how critical thinking changes all through youth, how social contrasts influence the manner in which we see our own accomplishments, language improvement. Speculations, for example, Jerome Bruner (1915) and Lev Vygostsky (1896) communicated the view that 'informative teaching’ denied students of the opportunity to think for them, anyway Vygostsky approach 'Zone of proximal development’ concentrated on the idea that what a student could do today with they could do alone tomorrow. The b ehaviorist methodology can urge me to comprehend what propels my students and to challenge them on what objectives they wish to accomplish through their learning. These procedures can impact and can permit me to shape and upgrade my students into acting in a satisfactory manner through Skinner’s hypothesis of 'Positive or Negative Reinforcement’. As an examination a bi result of this will build up my student method of breaking down. This supports an open to learning condition for all students. Negative fortifies are ones that expansion the possibility that a conduct will happen when it is evacuated. Disciplines are occasions that decline the recurrence of conduct that it follows (Skinner, 2003) Take the student in the study hall that ontinually talk s to his neighbor; it fortifies his conduct to proceed, however on the off chance that the educator rebuffs him by having him stand up before the entire class and expressions of remorse, he will be bound to hold back on tal king once more. Skinner accepts that conduct could be changed by utilizing positive and negative kinds of support. Recall negative support isn't discipline. On the off chance that I have not secured everything on the first exercise plan, learning can anyway be estimated making appraisal and getting ready for next meeting simpler. By continually returning to specific subjects and utilizing Question and Answers students have a comprehension on what they are realizing and why. This would not be the situation for all, in light of conduct adjustment there are likewise drawbacks to this methodology. Redundant learning may urge a few students to recollect data yet it doesn’t vital mean they have comprehended the idea. A few students won't be certain to concede this and just delivered the necessary answers without knowing how they found to the solutions. How would we incorporate prizes and why the purpose behind them? As an educator I attempted to execute these when reasonable for al l students. In the event that this isn't done, at that point the entire procedure will get befuddling and inspiration will be lost. This hypothesis can will in general lead myself towards the 'academic way to deal with learning’. As covering that the Humanistic methodology is depended for people to investigate their own advantage and interests this will guarantee them to develop into completely working, self-trusting, and autonomous individuals. All people are one of a kind and have a natural drive to accomplish their most extreme potential. This I can relate too with the students that I instruct, when they have found their own character this will for the most part identify with their picked profession choices this will offer students to have unrestrained choice in the learning encounter and can impact on the difference in their insight. I utilize the Humanistic way to deal with learning inside my study hall as useful is a gigantic add to my educating. Carl Rogers, in opportu nity to learn (1969) states that self-coordinated learning conveys the impressive instructive preferences of autonomous learning. Preferences which I find to this are by addressing students needs, every student will feel esteemed and regarded. This will help develop a degree of trust between the student and instructor coming about to fantastic correspondence. When arranging and conveying exercises, I incorporate different exercises to permit this to occur. Toward the finish of every exercise I find that bunch conversations give the students opportunity to prompt new thoughts and to tune in to their companions conclusions. This gives them the instruments to feel engaged and have authority over how they learn. This seems like an ideal andragogical approach however could have a few drawbacks. We realize that Bruner’s cognitivists way to deal with learning is premise on underlining dynamic rebuilding of information through own understanding of life. With this hypothesis the stude nt draws on his/her own past understanding and recognizes new realities, connections and certainties. Understudies interface with the world by investigating; posing inquiries and translation what is pertinent to the subject. I. e. while handling new thoughts the student depends on the instructor to offer them the right response, expecting the educator is in their usual range of familiarity. To permit students to accomplish this change is by working in bunches which urges them to socially communicate with each other which will at that point lead to procedure of learning, accordingly this technique understudies might be bound to recollect the idea and information found all alone. Another technique regularly utilized in my study hall includes inserting questions, which permits the students to discover the responses to the issue before setting their assignment. This may again identify with their own understanding. Frequently sorting out school trips (presentation, genuine theater) can p ermit the students to collaborate with genuine circumstances. I take into account conversation/banters around explicit inquiries identifying with that theme that I have organized to start focuses that are pertinent to their learning. These speculations have made me think diversely to my own training in the manner I plan my exercises, which strategies for conveyance I use just as how I survey what kinds of realizing has occurred. I instruct in an auxiliary school condition, where the students go thought a change from KS3, KS4 KS5. The course is handy, yet there are a few components of hypothetical techniques which allows students to show aptitudes in an exhibition situation. I concur that anticipating exercise is a solid zone for me and my students. Accordingly

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Term Paper

Quiet Protection and Affordable Care Act - Term Paper Example At last, the exposition will investigate the application and implantation of changes to a social insurance organization. There are eight significant components of the Act as laid out by The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (2010). The first has to do with growing access to medical coverage inclusion to most residents. This is bolstered continuously component, which involves the arrangement of monetary assistance to low-pay people and families. With the subsequent component, there is a programmed development of medical coverage inclusion to residents. The third component accommodates new serious commercial centers for elements to get medical coverage, while simultaneously guaranteeing buyer security in private medical coverage. The fifth component investigates shutting holes in the Medicare program that have been expensive. The 6th component takes into account arrangement of deterrent consideration, without co-pays or deductibles. This is upheld by the seventh component, which advances development towards installment frameworks that reward incredible consideration for the patient, combined with positive results, instead of remunerating the volume of care. Components six and seven advance escalated care for the patient, over broad consideration. Protection care is an enormous segment of value care; it takes up negligible assets in contrast with care planned for restoring the disease. The last component advances more straightforwardness and detailing among medicinal services specialists. This component incorporates all the rest in light of the fact that for the PPACA to produce full results there is have to guarantee that all specialists are assuming their job towards guaranteeing such adequacy. One of the key changes to activities in the medical clinic is the development of medicinal services conveyance frameworks from a mid-level consideration sort of conveyance model to a progressively virtual consideration kind (National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence, 2014). This is

Educational Research Single Su :: essays research papers

Instructive Research Single-Subject Critique Setting up Discriminative Control of Responding Using Functional and Alternative Reinforcers During Functional Communication Training Wayne W. Fisher, David E. Kuhn, and Rachel H. Thompson Fittingness of research question or reason: The reason for this examination was fascinating and of incentive as it concentrated on issues that regularly happen when Functional Communication Training (FCT) is being used. This examination tried to discover compelling arrangements as wanted “. . .response[s] might be debilitated and damaging behavior[s] may reappear . . .'; when fortifications of correspondence are deferred or denied because of inconceivability or burden of the parental figure or teachers capacity to give said support in a convenient way. “. . .methods are expected to build the viability of FCT in circumstances in which it is illogical or difficult to convey a given reinforcer.'; Research structure and plan justification: This investigation was separated into 4 stages (the fourth stage “. . .was finished with just 1 member in just one condition due to time restrictions on the participants’ medical clinic admission.';) Phase 1: Functional Analyses and Descriptive Assessments. Exchanging treatment with no gauge plan. “During this investigation, a test condition . . .what's more, a control condition were thought about utilizing a multi-component configuration.'; Phase 2: Communication and Discrimination Training. Stage 3: Treatment Evaluation of FCT with Discriminative Stimuli. Between arrangement, substituting treatment (ABAB) structure was utilized to look at FCT + EXT versus ACT + EXT in two conditions for one member (Amy) and in one condition for one member (Ned). Stage 4: Independent Effects of FCT and EXT. Between arrangement, exchanging treatment and a last treatment configuration was utilized to think about FCT/ACT (w/o EXT) versus EXT alone with the last arrangement being carefully FCT/ACT (w/o EXT). The request for introduction for Amy’s separation preparing were “. . .upgrade present and improvement missing periods [that] were substituted each 30 s for the term of the 10-min meeting. For Ned, “. . .each SD in turn was introduced for 1 min. The request for the initial three SD introductions in a given meeting was randomized, without substitution; from that point, the request stayed consistent.'; Stage 1 was “conducted to test the speculations created by the aftereffects of. . .expressive evaluations. . .to decide if . . .damaging conduct was increase kept up by both consideration and access to unmistakable things, however under explicit upgrade conditions [for Amy]. . .[and whether] dangerous conduct was kept up by . Instructive Research Single Su :: articles investigate papers Instructive Research Single-Subject Critique Building up Discriminative Control of Responding Using Functional and Alternative Reinforcers During Functional Communication Training Wayne W. Fisher, David E. Kuhn, and Rachel H. Thompson Suitability of research question or reason: The motivation behind this exploration was intriguing and of incentive as it concentrated on issues that frequently happen when Functional Communication Training (FCT) is being used. This investigation tried to discover successful arrangements as wanted “. . .response[s] might be debilitated and ruinous behavior[s] may reappear . . .'; when fortifications of correspondence are deferred or denied because of difficulty or bother of the parental figure or educators capacity to give said support in an opportune way. “. . .systems are expected to build the viability of FCT in circumstances in which it is unreasonable or difficult to convey a given reinforcer.'; Research structure and plan justification: This examination was separated into 4 stages (the fourth stage “. . .was finished with just 1 member in just one condition in view of time impediments on the participants’ clinic admission.';) Phase 1: Functional Analyses and Descriptive Assessments. Rotating treatment with no pattern plan. “During this investigation, a test condition . . .what's more, a control condition were thought about utilizing a multi-component configuration.'; Phase 2: Communication and Discrimination Training. Stage 3: Treatment Evaluation of FCT with Discriminative Stimuli. Between arrangement, rotating treatment (ABAB) structure was utilized to think about FCT + EXT versus ACT + EXT in two conditions for one member (Amy) and in one condition for one member (Ned). Stage 4: Independent Effects of FCT and EXT. Between arrangement, exchanging treatment and a last treatment configuration was utilized to think about FCT/ACT (w/o EXT) versus EXT alone with the last arrangement being carefully FCT/ACT (w/o EXT). The request for introduction for Amy’s segregation preparing were “. . .improvement present and upgrade missing periods [that] were exchanged each 30 s for the span of the 10-min meeting. For Ned, “. . .each SD in turn was introduced for 1 min. The request for the initial three SD introductions in a given meeting was randomized, without substitution; from that point, the request stayed steady.'; Stage 1 was “conducted to test the speculations produced by the aftereffects of. . .distinct appraisals. . .to decide if . . .dangerous conduct was increase kept up by both consideration and access to substantial things, however under explicit boost conditions [for Amy]. . .[and whether] dangerous conduct was kept up by .

Online Essay Writing Services - Get Hired

Online Essay Writing Services - Get HiredThe easiest way to begin your work on your interview essay is to make use of the job interview essay sample. You can use these essays in combination with the conventional essay. This will enable you to develop your ability and knowledge about the real world. You will be able to make full use of your expertise for the said work.There are some rules that must be followed while preparing for your interview essay. The first one is the structure of the essay. The job interviewer will read your essay after you make sure that you know what should be included. The writer should put the needed information in the first few lines. Thereafter, he will be allowed to expand or modify the information which he has prepared.The next rule is that you should do thorough research on the company you are applying for. You should conduct a thorough research to understand the position of the company. This will help you know how they are going to develop and how they will train you. After you have done a thorough research, you will be able to write a balanced and logical essay which you are sure to impress the interviewers.The first website that offers numerous interview essay samples is the Online Essay Writing Services. You can also use the resources available in the Internet and you can get hold of the best essay writers. However, you will not find so many choices as the resource pages. With these, you will be able to browse through the categories and select the appropriate essay paper samples. You will find the essay sample categories available on many of the websites.Another option that you have is the online essay writing services offered by some online schools. In most of the cases, the students of these schools do not require writing the essay. However, if you want to save time and money, this is the best option for you.There are also other essay writers that offer essay writing services to those who have different essay writing programs . They offer their service on their own and the main reason behind this is that they enjoy writing and will not have to waste their time on looking for others to write the essay for them. However, this can also prove to be expensive as it is only the customer who pays for it.There are also many websites that provide essays online. However, these are not free essay writing samples and you need to buy the essay for which you are searching. The essay writers are not required to give their services for free and so, these essay writing services are also available for free.

German Battleship Bismarck in World War II

Bismarck was the first of two Bismarck-class battleships that were ordered for the Kriegsmarine in the years prior to World War II. Built by Blohm and Voss, the battleship mounted a main battery of eight 15 guns and was capable of a top speed of over 30 knots. Quickly identified as a threat by the Royal Navy, efforts to track Bismarck were underway after its commissioning in August 1940. Ordered on its first mission into the Atlantic the following year, Bismarck won a victory over HMS Hood at the Battle of the Denmark Strait, but soon came under a combined attack by British ships and aircraft. Damaged by an aerial torpedo, Bismarck was sunk by British surface ships on May 27, 1941. Design In 1932, German naval leaders requested a series of battleship designs intended to fit within the 35,000 ton limit imposed on leading maritime nations by the Washington Naval Treaty.  Initial work began on what became the Bismarck-class the following year and initially centered around an armament of eight 13 guns and a top speed of 30 knots. In 1935, the signing of the Anglo-German Naval Agreement accelerated German efforts as it allowed the Kriegsmarine to build up to 35% of the total tonnage of the Royal Navy. Additionally, it bound the Kriegsmarine to the Washington Naval Treaty tonnage restrictions. Increasingly concerned about Frances naval expansion, German designers sought to create a new type of battleship that would out-class the newer French vessels. Design work moved forward with debates ensuing over the caliber of the main battery, type of propulsion system, and thickness of the armor.  These were further complicated in 1937 with the departure of Japan from the treaty system and implementation of an escalator clause that increased the tonnage limit to 45,000 tons. When German designers learned that the new French Richelieu-class would mount 15 guns, the decision was made use similar weapons in four two-gun turrets. This battery was supplemented by a secondary battery of twelve 5.9 (150 mm) guns. Several means of propulsion were considered including turbo-electric, diesel geared, and steam drives. After assessing each, turbo-electric drive was initially favored as it had proven effective aboard the American Lexington-class aircraft carriers. Construction As construction moved forward, the new class propulsion came to be  geared turbine engines turning three propellers. For protection, the new class mounted an armor belt ranging in thickness from 8.7 to 12.6. This area of the ship was further protected by 8.7 armored, transverse bulkheads. Elsewhere, armor for the conning tower was 14 on the sides and 7.9 on the roof. The armor scheme reflected the German approach of maximizing protection while maintaining stability. Ordered under the name  Ersatz Hannover, the lead ship of the new class, Bismarck, was laid down at Blohm Voss in Hamburg on July 1, 1936. The first name served as an indication that the new vessel was replacing the old pre-dreadnought Hannover. Sliding down the ways on February 14, 1939, the new battleship was sponsored by  Dorothee von Là ¶wenfeld, granddaughter of Chancellor Otto von Bismarck. Bismarck would be followed a second battleship of its class, Tirpitz, in 1941. Fast Facts: Battleship Bismarck General Nation: Nazi GermanyType: BattleshipShipyard: Blohm Voss, HamburgLaid Down: July 1, 1936Launched: February 14, 1939Commissioned: August 24, 1940Fate: Sunk in action, May 27, 1941 Specifications Displacement: 45,451 tonnesLength: 450.5mBeam (Width): 36mDraft:: 9.3-10.2mPropulsion: 12 High-pressure Wagner boilers powering 3 Blohm Voss geared turbines at 150,170 horsepowerSpeed: 30.8 knotsRange: 8,525 nautical miles at 19 knots, 4,500 nautical miles at 28 knotsComplement: 2,092: 103 officers, 1,989 enlisted Armament Guns 8Ãâ€"380 mm/L48.5 SK-C/34 (4 turrets with 2 guns each)12Ãâ€"150 mm/L55 SK-C/2816Ãâ€"105 mm/L65 SK-C/37 / SK-C/3316Ãâ€"37 mm/L83 SK-C/3012Ãâ€"20 mm/L65 MG C/30 (Single)8Ãâ€"20 mm/L65 MG C/38 (Quadruple) Aircraft 4Ãâ€" Arado Ar 196 A-3 seaplanes, using 1 double-ended catapult Early Career Commissioned in August 1940, with Captain  Ernst Lindemann in command, Bismarck departed Hamburg to conduct sea trials in Kiel Bay.  Testing of the ships armament, power plant, and seakeeping abilities continued through the fall in the relative safety of the Baltic Sea. Arriving at Hamburg in December, the battleship entered the yard for repairs and alterations. Though scheduled to return to Kiel in January, a wreck in the Kiel Canal prevented this from occurring until March. Finally reaching the Baltic, Bismarck resumed training operations. With World War II underway, the German Kriegsmarine envisioned using Bismarck as a raider to attack British convoys in the North Atlantic. With its 15 guns, the battleship would be able to strike from a distance, inflicting maximum damage while placing itself at minimal risk. Bismarck, photographed from Prinz Eugen, in the Baltic at the outset of Operation Rheinà ¼bung, May 1941. Bundesarchiv, Bild 146-1989-012-03 / Lagemann / CC-BY-SA 3.0 The battleships first mission in this role was dubbed Operation Rheinà ¼bung (Exercise Rhine) and proceeded under the command of  Vice Admiral Gà ¼nter Là ¼tjens. Sailing in tandem with the cruiser Prinz Eugen, Bismarck departed Norway on May 22, 1941, and headed towards the shipping lanes. Aware of Bismarcks departure, the Royal Navy had begun moving ships to intercept. Steering north and west, Bismarck headed for the Denmark Strait between Greenland and Iceland. Battle of the Denmark Straight Entering the strait, Bismarck was detected by the cruisers HMS Norfolk and HMS Suffolk which called for reinforcements. Responding were the battleship HMS Prince of Wales and the battlecruiser HMS Hood. The two intercepted the Germans at the south end of the strait on the morning of May 24. Less than 10 minutes after the ships opened fire, Hood was struck in one of its magazines causing an explosion that blew the ship in half. Unable to take on both German ships alone, Prince of Wales broke off the fight. During the battle, Bismarck was hit in a fuel tank, causing a leak and forcing a reduction in speed (Map). Bismarck fires on HMS Prince of Wales during the Battle of the Denmark Strait. Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1984-055-13 Sink the Bismarck! Unable to continue with his mission, Là ¼tjens ordered Prinz Eugen to continue on while he turned the leaking Bismarck toward France. On the night of May 24, aircraft from the carrier HMS Victorious attacked with little effect. Two days later aircraft from HMS Ark Royal scored a hit, jamming Bismarcks rudder. Unable to maneuver, the ship was forced to steam in a slow circle while awaiting the arrival of the British battleships HMS King George V and HMS Rodney. They were sighted the following morning and Bismarcks final battle commenced. Bismarck burning in the distance as HMS Rodney (right) fires, May 27, 1941. Public Domain Assisted by the heavy cruisers HMS Dorsetshire and Norfolk, the two British battleships pummeled the stricken Bismarck, knocking its guns out of action and killing most of the senior officers on board. After 30 minutes, the cruisers attacked with torpedoes. Unable to resist further, Bismarcks crew scuttled the ship to prevent its capture. British ships raced in to pick up the survivors and rescued 110 before a U-boat alarm forced them to leave the area. Close to 2,000 German sailors were lost.

Measles / Mumps / Rubella ( Mmr ), Inactivated Poliovirus,...

Measles/Mumps/Rubella (MMR), Inactivated Poliovirus, and Rotavirus are just a few examples of vaccines recommended for children by the Center for Disease Control. These vaccines are recommended for children in order to prevent the contraction and spread of diseases that have been controlled in recent years, eradicated from our country, or that we are hoping to prevent from being introduced. According to an article published by TIME Magazine, 1 in 10 parents choose to â€Å"opt out† of vaccinating their children according to the recommended CDC schedule. (TIME, 2011). While parents are responsible for choosing medical treatment and prevention methods for their child, many are forgetting that their choices affect not only their family unit, but the entire community they are surrounded by. The trend to refuse vaccinations is believed to have stemmed from a fake study completed by Andrew Wakefield in 1993 saying the MMR vaccine caused autism and bowel disease. In Wakefield’ s study he tested 12 children who had grown up with normal development who presented a loss of acquired skills after receiving the Measles/Mumps/Rubella vaccine. According to the study, â€Å"Behavioural disorders included autism (nine), disintegrative psychosis (one), and possible postviral or vaccinal encephalitis (two)† (Wakefield, 1998). It was later found that these diagnoses were false and Wakefield had been paid off by parents of children with autism to make these claims and that there was no evidence to supportShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Importance of Immunizations1448 Words   |  6 Pagesspread of blood or body fluids. This vaccine is given intramuscular. The Hepatitis B vaccine is also given at the 6 months, 12 months, 15 months, and again at 18 months of age. Than we have the Rotavirus vaccine which is given to protect against rotavirus gastroenteritis, which is spread through the mouth. Rotavirus is given orally; three doses at age 6-12 weeks; subsequent dos es at 4-10 weeks intervals. The next vaccine given is Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis as known as DTaP and the whooping cough. ItRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Behind Vaccine Refusal1261 Words   |  6 PagesThe Ethical Dilemma Behind Vaccine Refusal Measles/Mumps/Rubella (MMR), Inactivated Poliovirus, and Rotavirus are just a few examples of vaccines recommended for children by the Center for Disease Control. These vaccines are recommended for children in order to prevent the contraction and spread of diseases that have been controlled in recent years, eradicated from our country, or that we are hoping to prevent from being introduced. According to an article published by TIME Magazine, 1 in 10 parentsRead MoreEssay on The Importance of Immunizations1150 Words   |  5 PagesInfluenzae type b vaccine, the IPV or inactivated poliovirus vaccine, PCV or pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, and the Rotavirus vaccine are given at 2, 4 and 6 months. However at 6 months the IPV can be delivered between 6 months and 18 months because there is no set standard time. At 6 months the flu vaccine is recommended to begin being given annually, between 12 to 15 months is when the Hib, PCV, Varicella, and MMR which stands for measles, mumps, and ru bella are given. At 12 – 23 months HepatitisRead MorePros And Cons Of Vaccines1880 Words   |  8 Pagesprotect against polio† (vaccines.gov). There is the â€Å"inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) and Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV). IPV, used in the United States since year 2000, is given as an injection in the leg or arm, depending on age. OPV is taken by mouth. The polio vaccine may be given at the same time as any other vaccines. In order for the polio vaccination to ratify the disease, the injection produces antibodies in the blood to all three types of poliovirus. In the event of the injection these antibodies preventRead MoreThe Vaccination Of Children And Their Children s Immune System4822 Words   |  20 Pagesvaccinated. Another reason to have their children vaccinated would be fear of them contracting an infectious disease. There have been cases of widespread outbreaks of diseases like measles, meningitis, mumps and pertussis (whooping cough) to just name a few. In the state of Ohio there were over 341 cases of measles reported due to the lack of vaccinations in an Amish community (The Debate over Vaccinations in Schools, 2014). This outbreak spread through their community and since then the AmishRead MoreDo We Give Our Children Too Many Vaccines?1094 Words   |  5 Pageschemicals, the introduction of this many chemicals in so short a time span is asking for trouble. The government recommends many vaccinations. The required vaccinations include: hepatitis A and B; inactivated poliovirus (IPV); rotavirus; haemophilus influenzae Type B (Hib); measles, mumps, rubella (MMR); pneumococcal conjugate (PCV); varicella (chickenpox); influenza; and diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis (DTaP). In addition, there is Tdap - tetanus diphtheria and acellular pertussis vaccineRead MoreVaccine and Vaccinations Nicole Tuttle1721 Words   |  7 Pagesdisease effecting the liver and can be life threatening. By two months of age physicians recommend the second dose of Hep B along with the first dose of the rotavirus, diphtheria, tetanus toxoids and pertussis (TDaP), hemophilus influenza type B (Hib), pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and the inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV). Rotavirus causes inflammation of the stomach and intestines; it effects infants and young children often causing severe watery diarrhea, vomiting, fever, abdominal painRead MoreThe Controversy Of Vaccines : Controversy Regarding The Risks Of Vaccinations1824 Words   |  8 Pagesdecisions of whether or not to vaccinate their children is the social perception of vaccination. The result of a now retracted paper by an individual who falsified data to assert an association between autism spectrum disorders and the MMR vaccine (measles-mumps-rubella) has resulted in a large social movement against vaccinations5. While these claims were meritless, and the physician who published the paper has since lost his license, the existence of the allegation and the heated controversy thatRead MoreHealth Promotion With Childhood Immunization Essay1728 Words   |  7 Pagesresurgence of communicable diseases. The percentage of children under the age of 3 years in the US that received all doses of co mbined vaccinations for Hepatitis B, Rotavirus, Diptheria, Tetanus acellular Pertussis (DTaP), Haemophilus influenzae type b4 (Hib), Pneumococcal conjugate, Inactivated poliovirus, Influenza, Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR), Varicella and Hepatitis A is 71.6% (CDC, 2016). The same rate for the state of NC in 2014 was 80.8% overall with individual county rates as low at 70% (N.CRead MoreProportional Changes4637 Words   |  19 Pages| 12 to 23 months | Hepatitis A, (Given in two doses at least 6 months apart) | 15 to 18 months | DTaP | 12 to 36 months | TIV, (LAIV) by nasal spray (at 2 years of age) | 4 to 6 years | (DTaP), MMR, Varicella, IPV | 3 to 6 years | TIV, OR LAIV by nasal spray | 6 years | DTaP, MMR Varicella, IPV (If not given between 4 and 5 years of age) | 11 to 12 years | Tdap, HPV2 or HPV4in three doses for females, HPV4 for males, and MCV4 | 13 to 18 years | catch-up doses of any recommended

Phantasies Lilith Femininity And Freedom -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Phantasies Lilith Femininity And Freedom? Answer: Introducation Reading and thought are interlinked concepts and these two terms are two sides of one single coin. A reading anticipates a thought (Westbrook, Robert). The literary reading requires an effort which was not possible for every common man. There is a difference between the reading of a common man and a learned man. This prompts the mention of Dwight Macdonald who can be referred as the part of New York Intellectuals. He attacked the middlebrow culture and he was found to carry out his debate in the famous management. Partially he was right that there was a difference between the reading of the intellectuals and the readings of those who are not intellectuals. However this concept was not the same always in the previous times as well as the contemporary times. The essay majorly focuses on the concept of the thought and reading and produces different thoughts that are related to the literary readings. In order to establish the above mentioned thesis statement the piece of writing of Dwigh t MacDonald named` Reading and Thought` proved to be of great help in order to analyze the above mentioned concept. Apart from this the magazines like the `Times` was of great help that in order to compose the essay. According to MacDonald, Margaret there is a difference between the readings of a learned man and the readings of an uneducated man. Macdonald opined for the fact that there was a decline in the reading of literature especially among the young. The readings in literature are not acceptable to much audience. The literature is accepted only if it serves entertainment (MacDonald, marketing, Magdalena Rudkowski and Janine Hostettler Schrer). There are some instances where it has been observed that Dickens was successful in providing mass entertainment which inspired the readers to read the literature and it increased the audiences as well. The works of Dickens grabbed the attention of the people of Britain. The reading had a different meaning among the people of Britain and America. The individuals are not satisfied by the reading of the texts. The intellectual texts could not satisfy the curiosity of the audiences (LoBiondo-Wood, Geri, Judith Haber and Cherylyn Cameron). As argued by Lamb and Danielle et al, The Times and the New York Times educated people and they declared that the reading would make a person more interesting. Macdonald came up with the thought that in the sixteenth century there was little things to be read and therefore if any circumstance would arise where any individual had to go through the copy of Time or the New York Times would take an entire day to understand the matters inside it. It is because he would take time to get accustomed to the language of the matter and he would take time to think and analyze what he read. He would also take time to get use to with the language and the depth of the same (Lamb, Danielle et al). The reason behind this is the little read that was there in the golden age. However with the increasing literacy rate the increase in the reading of the contents has increased. In the article Dwight Macdonald strongly disagrees with the idea of Henry Luce of functional curiosity. According to him functiona l curiosity implies the search of the things that was going all around the world. MacDonald opines for the fact that the functional curiosity is that which only strengthens the practice of reading rather than providing information that are valuable. He commented that the literature today is inadequate and overwhelming. The reading that is done in the present world is shallow and does not involve much depth. He believes through the skimming through the text. The readers appear to be more courses, unoriginal, passive and shallow while reading the texts (Iyer-O'Sullivan and Radhika). It can be however argued that the education in today`s world is more challenging. The it is true that the advancements in the technological world is more advanced and he must consider and must give a second thought about the lifestyles of today`s education and the lifestyle of the students. There are few anecdotes that are there in the essay. The outspokenness and volubility of Macdonald`s was garnered by many detractors. He was found to be fascinated with the popular culture (McGillis and Roderick). While analyzing the film criticism of Macdonald it was observed that he had a lifelong admiration for movies and his unwillingness to overlook or overlook the mediocre standard. He made a comment where he mentioned that he would not watch a movie where the director had to learn to make movies after reading the reviews of him (Hicks, Sylvia, Shane MacDonald and Ela Martin). The writing of MacDonald is proved to be sophisticated, learned, and conversational. They are sometimes witty and they are constantly seeking the perfect judgment of situations and things. He had the capability to spear the bystander with a single phrase or a single sentence. He tried to merge the popular culture with a taste of high culture and with passionate interest. His major concern was a perceived breakdown of the traditional values of the culture. They were at the hands of the mass cultural consumption (Tinning, Richard). This was not liked by MacDonald and he was more concerned auditing the up gradation of the culture of writing. He believed in preserving the value more than the money. He was too some extent a radical and an erratic radical. It is the unresolved contradiction that made his essays a complicated and a complex one. The culture made him a better person and it became the major area of his writing and debate. He was no doubt an intellectual one and he fostered man y intellectuals. He acted as a cultural critic. He criticized the rise of the rise of the mass-media and the middle-brow (Gear, Adrienne). Therefore while analyzing the entire essay it can be mentioned that MacDonald was a radical and he criticized the present literature. He was to some extent correct but all his arguments were not correct. The present literature was not completely inadequate as argued by Dwight. It had some relevance to the present readings. It does not justify all the aspects of MacDonald. He was too orthodox and his thoughts were too primitive regarding the present reading. While concluding this can be mentioned that the printing matters leaves a great impact on the reading habit and the thoughts of the readers. The world should move ahead and it should go with the technological advancement. Reference Gear, Adrienne. Reading Power, Revised Expanded Edition: Teaching students to think while they read. Pembroke Publishers Limited, 2015. Hicks, Sylvia, Shane MacDonald, and Ela Martin. "Enhancing scientific literacy by targeting specific scientific skills." Teaching Science: The Journal of the Australian Science Teachers Association 63.3 (2017). Iyer-O'Sullivan, Radhika. "" I can't say it any better": Critical reading as a threshold concept in helping postgraduate Arab students become critical and original writers." International Journal for economics Integrity 9.2 (2013). Lamb, Danielle, et al. Doing Philosophy: a practical guide for students. AC Black, 2013. LoBiondo-Wood, Geri, Judith Haber, and Cherylyn Cameron. "Critical reading strategies: Overview of the research process." Nursing Research in Canada-E-Book: Methods, Critical Appraisal, and Utilization (2014): 48. MacDonald, Margaret, Magdalena Rudkowski, and Janine Hostettler Schrer. "Lingering Discourses: Jean Jacque Rousseaus 18th-Century Images of Mothers, Fathers, and Children." Journal of Childhood Studies 38.1 (2013): 21. McGillis, Roderick. "Phantastes and Lilith: Femininity and Freedom." The Gold Thread: Essays on George MacDonald (2015): 31-55. Tinning, Richard. "Reading self-study in/for physical education: Revisiting the zeitgeist of reflection." Self-study in psychology education teacher education. Springer International Publishing, 2014. 153-167. Westbrook, Robert. "Dwight Macdonald: Democracy and Discrimination." Raritan 35.1 (2015): 57.

The dissolution of the manasteries Essay Example For Students

The dissolution of the manasteries Essay The Dissolution of the Monasteries and the events which followed, were all brought about as a direct result of the break with Rome. The reason for the break, lies simply in Henrys frustration at his inability to secure a divorce form his wife Catherine of Aragon, and a blessing from the Pope for his new marriage to Anne Boleyn, although arguably, there was a need for reformation within the church. Prior to the break with Rome, the church was rife with pluralism, simony (one of the popes main failings) and breaches of the vows of celibacy. It is therefore clear that there were problems with the English church prior to the break, but although it was unpopular, many people including Henry remained Catholic:A firm Catholic, he was keen to have papal approval, and the more unlikely this became, the more he was forced to question the Popes jurisdiction in England 2To accomplish a break, Henry needed some kind of justification, and he would also have to ensure that in implementing the break itself, he was not seen as supporting heresy and the Protestant reformation in particular. With the aid of advisor Thomas Cromwell, Henry aims to enact the break with Rome using statute authority; that of the king, lords and commons acting through parliament. We will write a custom essay on The dissolution of the manasteries specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now A sequence of truly revolutionary acts of parliament now cut the bonds spiritual, legal, financial which linked the English church and state to Rome 3There were several main landmarks in the break with Rome, the first of which was the act in restraint of appeals. This was a justification and definition of royal supremacy, and was grafted by Thomas Cromwell. It was the act of supremacy in 1534 however, that would prove to be Henrys greatest step forward in the break. It confirmed Henrys headship of the church and explicitly reserved the crown the rights to the organizing and jurisdictional powers formerly held by the Papacy. By this, the crown would control the right o define the churchs teachings and doctrinal decisions, ultimately resulting in the downfall of the monasteries. As a result of Henrys pressure on the English clergy in his attempts to convince the Pope to grant a divorce, the dissolution of the monasteries became an important and necessary task. By removing the Popes most loyal supporters from England, Henry was severely limiting his power. In 1533, in stead of Anne Boleyns impending pregnancy, Thomas Cranmer, an archbishop, declared Henrys marriage to Catherine invalid, (the king must stop living in this sin with this woman who is not his wife 4) and married him to Anne Boleyn. The Act of Supremacy then, established Henry as head of the Church of England, and marked the end of the Popes influence in his realm. Threatened by the Pope with excommunication, if he did not take Catherine back, all hopes of reconciliation with Rome were passed. Henrys reformation was moving quickly.When henry VIII first initiated the dissolution of the Monasteries, he was facing criticism from various sides. It must be understood that in deciding the validity of Henrys claims for the dissolution, there are two sides to the argument. Protestant supporters of Henrys actions, argue that after the 1530s, all the monasteries were corrupt and a place where sinners lived in a luxury paid for by others. The reasons for monastic life they claimed, were based on a lie created by the Papacy, to strengthen its own position: In order to lessen the time a person spends in purgatory when they die, money must be donated to the church in order to save their soul. .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844 , .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844 .postImageUrl , .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844 , .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844:hover , .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844:visited , .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844:active { border:0!important; } .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844:active , .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844 .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hate crimes EssayAs a result of these false and morally corrupt claims on behalf of the Papacy, Protestants argued that the monasteries deserved to be dissolved, as the money they survived upon was gained under false pretences. Another factor that supports Henrys argument for the dissolution, were the results found from the valor ecclesiasticus. Within this, it was discovered that on average, one quarter of a monastic houses wealth went to the head of the house, usually an absentee leader, living their life as a country gentleman, free form responsibility. Revelations such as this obviously angered the public, but whether or not Henry was angered in the

Military Equipments and the Technology of China in Early Modern World

Military Equipments and the Technology of China in Early Modern World Introduction Various developments have been seen in the chronological evolution of man. The increasing brain capacity during the past developments of man led to more ability of man to make tools that could be used for various services. It is important to realize, from the prehistoric times, that while other animals concentrated in ways of surviving in the natural world endowed with different resources, man has been in a constant struggle to shape the natural resources to suit his interest.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Military Equipments and the Technology of China in Early Modern World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The need to develop defensive mechanisms by man can be traced back to the prehistoric times. Homo erectus or the â€Å"upright man† made cleavers and hand axes that were used for hunting of prey and protection against predators (Bentley Ziegler, 3). This man also invented fire and r ealized that it could also be used to scare away other animals. With these developments, man could exercise more control over the world’s natural resources. He pioneered different parts leading to the distribution of this species to different parts in the world. The need to develop protective mechanisms continued with the man’s evolution into the modern man. There emerged organized groups for purposes like communal hunting and gathering of fruits. With the development of languages of communication, a need to have groups of individuals organized into some collective system with some leader, and the various other societal factors that were seen to be influencing human behavior, there has been an increasing need by these units to have protection from external attack from other neighboring/ rival units. The differences that were witnessed in the way of life of the early man and that of modern man are also evident in the types of weapons that they developed. The early man i n the Stone Age period developed tools from stone carvings. Then followed the wooden age with tools developed from woodcarvings. This developed into use of metals, in the Iron Age in 1700-1500 B.C (East west dialogue, para.24) for making tools like knives, spears, bows, and arrows with latter developments that are witnessed currently. With increased civilization, tools that are more modern were developed by man in various parts of the world. The civilization was, however, not even. Some parts of the world developed faster than the others did in terms of technology. Thesis Statement The increasing intelligence of man led to his invention of better ways of survival. This led to development of weapons for human protection that led to the increasing desire by different nations to conquer and rule the whole world, resulting into wars that have been witnessed among nations since the medieval times. As a result, early civilization in a nation often results in conflicts between the members of the nation that can lead to decrease in development rates.Advertising Looking for research paper on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More China in the medieval period The medieval period is viewed differently by different scholars regarding the beginning and end of the period. However, it is approximated to be between fifth century A.D and fifteenth century A.D (Lombardi, para.2). During this period, there were various political developments recorded in China. The early periods saw the reunification of China to form a United China. The end of this period saw China being conquered by the Mongol Empire. The Tang dynasty is one kind of leadership that was seen in China between the seventh and the tenth centuries (Eras of elegance, para.3). The united China had vast territories endowed with many resources making its capital city the richest city in the world at the time. During their reign, the Tang promoted trade be tween united China and other countries and promoted social growth in terms of educational programs. Improvements were also seen in the infrastructure like roads within the country. They could then access the neighboring countries and tried to conquer Korea in the seventh century but failed. They continued to be influential in the neighborhood and Korea later adopted their model of leadership (Eras of elegance, para.3). Tang dynasty disintegrated and ended in the middle of the tenth century and was succeeded by the Song. The political movement that would later yield the Yuan dynasty can be linked to Genghis Khan who initiated moves to conquer Asia in 1190. Twenty years later, he led the Mongols and invaded China. The Mongols continued with their operations and captured Moscow thirty years later. Kublai Khan then established his reign that would see the foundation of the Yuan dynasty in China. This dynasty lasted for over a century in China and it was later overthrown in 1368 (Eras of elegance, para.3). The Mongols tried to invade more countries and failed in certain instances. The Mongol Empire at this time consisted of several nations Asia like China, Korea, Russia, Ukraine, Afghanistan, and many others (Eras of elegance, para.3).. China after medieval period The Ming Dynasty followed the Yuan dynasty and took back the Chinese rule under the powers of the locals of the country. It was a period following the collapse of the Yuan dynasty in 1368 and ended around 1644. It is generally known as ‘period of stable, effective government during which some important new institutions developed’ (Twitchett, 9). Various developments were seen during this period some of which had been initiated by the early dynasties. The period saw the maturation of the political development that were initiated during the Tang dynasty and promoted by the Yuan dynasty of the Mongol empire. The civil service became poor powerful in exercising control over the whole society and there was very little opposition from the ruled concerning the extent to which the autocratic rulers could exercise their control.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Military Equipments and the Technology of China in Early Modern World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This would lead to the full authority of the rulers to have ability to exercise control on whatever they wished to towards the end of the dynasty. The rulers were assisted by scholars who followed the Confucian doctrines. They managed to expand their territory to incorporate other neighboring regions that were not ruled by the past dynasties (Twitchett, 10). The number of the provinces that formed the Ming Empire also increased from the previous three to around thirteen towards the end of the dynasty (Twitchett, 13). The management of boundaries between these administrative units and the neighboring units required a well-established defense syste m that was the reinstated by the Ming rulers. The Ming dynasty lasted for 277 years and had sixteen rulers from the same lineage (Twitchett, 16). The Qing dynasty took over from the Ming dynasty and ruled between 1644 and 1911. It was founded by the Manchus people of the northeast. Under their rule, Qing Empire acquired more territories and exercised their authority over a wider region than the other dynasties. The rulers followed the Confucian doctrines in their leadership and exercised their authority regarding the Chinese culture (Hearn, para.2). The doctrines promoted good leadership skills and required that one act in a manner that he would like to be adopted by any other person ensured good governance in China during this period. It was observed that ‘the court became a leading patron in the arts as China enjoyed an extended period of political instability’ (Hearn, para.2). Two other groups of artists were also active in China namely the traditionalists and indivi dualists. However, this good leadership lasted for a while and was threatened latter by the ideological differences from within and outside the territory. The empire segregated and was seen as a failure towards meeting the development objectives. As a result, the development pace that had been set in China reduced drastically towards the end of the eighteenth century and was very low until about few decades ago when mechanisms were developed to rejuvenate the nation (Wang, 178). Early civilization in China It is important to note that China developed technologies thousands of years before the technologies were adopted by the other parts of the world like Europe. There are evidences of the ancient cities that were developed by early men in some parts of China (Bentley Ziegler, 13). Generally, civilization began in China thousands of years before the same was seen in the western countries. The developments were attributed to the teachings of Confucius (551-476 B.C) who asserted that unlike wild animals, man could be ruled by principles of reason (East west dialogue, para.7).Advertising Looking for research paper on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The technology that was used in agriculture ensured that the country had enough food that led to the growth of population making it the most populous country in the world. The extraction and use of iron metal in China began far much earlier than they did in the European countries (East west dialogue, para.29). This led to the earlier development of more superior tools in China than in other country in the world. Farming and other economic activities could be carried out effectively. The trend continued in China until few centuries ago. In fact, during the 1700s, China could be regarded as the largest and one of the richest countries in the world. It could also boast of being the country with the best system of government at the time. However, some factors from within and outside the Qing Empire that prevailed in China lead to dissolution of such a powerful governance system in the early 1800s. The long serving Qing Empire decayed and failed in its desires to establish a more civiliz ed state. Conclusion and restatement of thesis It is thus worth pointing out the consequences of the early civilization that was seen in China. The adoption of modern technology in agriculture was seen in China several years before similar technologies were developed and adopted in other countries. This led to the growth in population of the country and allowing for other techniques like development of weapons. This was followed by a series of governments some from non-Chinese rulers. There were increased desires by the emperors to conquer and rule many neighboring China. The system of government that was adopted in China for a long period seemed perfect but the ideological differences due to the many people in a cosmopolitan country led to disintegration of the government due to conflicts of interest. The country, which had been in the forefront in urbanization, once again experienced a reverse migration with the individuals moving back to the rural areas. Further research in techn ology was threatened and the individuals adopted farming techniques that required even more labor like the introduction of a plow pulled by man. Techniques were then being used that were inferior to those that were used thousands of years earlier. This trend continued and other nations from the European and American continent borrowed the technology from the Chinese applied the techniques to improve their socio-economic and political developments. Countries like the United States, Japan, United Kingdom, and the dissolved USSR are now termed as the worlds industrial powers while China who was the founder of much technology is still regarded as a developing nation. Thus, early civilization in country may be a threat to the national development. Bentley, Jerry H and Ziegler, Herbert F. Chapter 1: The basic history in Traditions and Encounters: A Global perspective on the past. London: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. 2011. Web. East west dialogue. â€Å"The Science Technology Ancient C hina Taught the West.† Ancient Chinas Technology. 2011. Web. Eras of elegance. â€Å"The medieval era (476-1450).† Eras of elegance. N.d. Web. Hearn, Maxwell K. The Qing Dynasty (1644–1911): Painting. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2011. Web. Lombardi, Esther. Medieval  Period: Where did it All  Begin? 2011. Web. Twitchett, Dennis C. The Cambridge History of China: The Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644. Volume 8, Part 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Wang, Gabe T. China and the Taiwan issue: impending war at Taiwan Strait. Lanham: University Press of America, 2006.

Human Resource Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Human Resource Planning - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the history of tasks performed goes long back when work was conducted just for individuals’ needs and for livelihood. However, the emergence of businesses has changed the perception of work in the modern era by a substantial extent giving rise to a new concept called employment. This further raised a new paradigm in the industrial world called the Internal Labour Market (ILM) where man-made labor was given more importance than that of the machine labor. However, the scope in ILM is limited wherein wages, salaries and job roles hardly change. Furthermore, with the passage of time, the concept of Strategic HRM (SHRM) came into existence. It is in this context that HRP, as a part of SHRM ensures that the organizations make the best use of its available resources with maximum productivity. It has also been noted that HRP should be simple so that it can be easily executed with minimum chances of discontinuation. However, the process of HRP also possesses certain limitations such as its complexity and time-consuming long-term process. Nevertheless, the process of HRP is often regarded as cost-effective as it manages human resources of organizations quite efficiently. From the understanding obtained through the study, it can be summarised that recruitment is a procedural framework used in HRM practices which involves searching of potential candidates for a particular job position either from the internal business environment of the company or externally. The process of internal recruitment generally comprises of selecting candidates from the existing workforce on the basis of their performance appraisals. Similarly, selecting potential candidates from the external business scenario engages different online job sources used in the modern day scenario. It has been analyzed that the process of recruitment mainly includes the involvement of HR personnel and some other top officials of companies. The concept of internal recruitment is quite beneficial for companies as it tends to be quite cost-effective. It is also deemed as beneficial as it tends to motivate the commitment of the existing employees of the company. Along with these advantages, there are certain arguments raised against the concept of internal recruitment as well. The employees recruited for a higher post from the existing employees of the company will continue to work in the same way as he/she was performing in the lower designation. The candidate chosen might also lack fresh ideas or creativeness as he/she will be one of the existing employees. Similarly, external recruitment by advertising involves certain crucial factors such as publication choice, style, and wording, use of precise versus vague information and other vital aspects related to proper advertising which needs to be considered. Certain difficulties such as the response of the candidates and reachability to potential candidates for a particular job position play a vi tal role in processing effective external recruitment.

Textual analysis of the man in the gray flannel suit by sloan wilson Essay

Textual analysis of the man in the gray flannel suit by sloan wilson (american dream theme) - Essay Example The center of this novel revolves around the theme of an American Dream. The novel talks of every United States citizen’s need to win happiness by satisfying their material wants. This is despite the concept written by James Adams, America is the land in which life should be fuller and richer for everyone, depending on their ability and achievement (1931). The Rath family is very unsatisfied with their ordinary lives, referring to it as â€Å"a thousand petty shabinesses.† When Tom returns his wife Betsy wants a better life and future. She wants her husband to be the person he was before the war, a driven and ambitious individual. Her frustration in evident in her annoyance at mundane trivialities of life â€Å"Barbaras got the chicken pox and the washing machine broke down.† Despite serving his country, Tom Rath finds himself unsuccessful as far as the real world is concerned. His Harvard degree is of little consequence as his education is shunned. To keep his wife happy he applies for a job. Tom’s heart is not in what he does. He seems to have no drive to succeed in the material world. When applying for this new job the evident lack of desire is evident in his half-hearted â€Å"it certainly sounds interesting.† All of this changes once Tom works in his new company. The American dream forces him to become part of the rat-race that seeks satisfaction through money. The irony of this idea becomes evident when Tom Rath applies for his job for a public relations position. Rath admits that he knows nothing about the job but this idea is ignored by the employer who claims â€Å"Who does? Youve got a clean shirt and you bathe everyday. Thats all there is to it.† This shows how skills are of no consequence in this life. It is only about presentation and how quickly that helps achieve the material goal. Soon money seems to be the only thing on Tom’s mind. He keeps repeating it to himself â€Å"The important thing is to make money† and â€Å"Money, I need

Russian Cultural Differences in Business Essay Example for Free

Russian Cultural Differences in Business Essay First of all, considering that Russian is my native language, I will warn that it is extremely hard for an American to learn Russian. Grammar is difficult, and we use the Cyrillic alphabet. But this will not be a big problem because every person with higher education in Russia speaks English fluently; we start learning English from 2-3 grades at school. Secondarily, names. Referring to one another by the first name is acceptable only between truly close friends, when meeting with someone-simply state your last name. Typically, Russians use three names: the first name, the last name, middle name is fathers first name, known as a patronymic. Here is an example, I will use my name: Elvira Viktorovna Stasescu. When you become well familiar with an individual, you may be asked to call him or her by the first and patronymic names. One more thing to remember, this made me confused when I came to USA, the date format. Here is the order of the date-06/04/2012; this is today’s date, which is April 4th 2012. Physical contact among Russians is uncommon, especially if you see the person for the first time. Although some gestures may be used, be cautious to control your own. The American OK (thumb and index finger) and ‘V’ signs are offensive gesticulations in Russia. Smacking the open hand over a fist can also be a bad-mannered gesture. Standing with your hands in your pockets may be considered impolite. The thumbs-up signal is positive as it indicates agreement. Eye contact should be recurrent, nearly to the point of staring, it expresses honesty and helps form trust. Speak in a tranquil, modest, tone of voice at all times. Speaking or laughing at the top of your voice in public is discouraged. Russians enjoy giving and receiving gifts. Gifts are normal for social events, especially as â€Å"thank-you†. If you invited to a Russian colleague house, bring a gift such as chocolates, cakes, good wine, and flowers for every woman in the house. And if you are about to buy some flowers for Russian women, bring the odd number, even number of flowers is used only for funerals, same with yellow flowers. Russian business culture has a deeply rooted hierarchy, although the state no longer dominates business as much as it used to. Managers have authority over their juniors and are eventually accountable for the concluding decision. Although you may give your presentation in English, it is important that any material and documents be printed in Russian. Praising and rewarding anyone in public are noticed only with mistrust. It will take a long time for conclusions to be made in Russia, we are particularly suspicious. The handshake is common. The Russian version is a strong hold with a number of quick shakes between two men. If you about to shake hands with a woman, wait until she extends her hand first. Take off your gloves before the handshake. Whistling in a home or other indoor spaces is unacceptable, and it is even referred as a superstition that it will cause a serious monetary damage. Russians feel very much susceptible by uncertain circumstances; it will take a long time to win their trust. Negotiations should be extremely detailed, well prepared and with brief explanations. Russians have a preference to have perspective and background material. Russians appear remarkably formal and distant. Although, formality is considered as a sign of respect. Russia is collectivist country; people belong to groups that take care of them in exchange for reliability. We use more often word â€Å"We† instead of â€Å"I†. Another example, if you are telling a story about you and your colleagues, you will name your colleagues names first and your name at the end. The international manager reconciles cultural dilemmas – the quote by Fons Trompenaars means that in order to succeed on international market, we must know the cultural values and assumptions differences between the countries we conduct our business.

Alcohol and its Effects on Social Behavior Essay -- Drinking Alcohol B

Alcohol and its Effects on Social Behavior The characters in Ernest Hemingway’s novel, The Garden of Eden, exhibit an interesting social behavior throughout the story in their frequent consumption of various types of alcoholic beverages. The character David Bourne especially seems to have one or two drinks often before ordering food when out at the French cafà © near their hotel, regardless of the present time of day. The behavior of these characters, by modern society’s standards, places them in a class of heavy social drinkers, but this may not have been Hemingway’s intention at the time when the novel was written. It is most appropriate, therefore, to discuss the specific drinks mentioned in the text independently of the specific situation, but simply in the context of class and society in general. The established historian and literary critic Hippolyte Taine once made the valid observation, â€Å"Alcohol is the literature of the people† (Haine 100). She uses this idea to show the strong correlation between a simple commodity and its profound effects on the people and issues of a larger society. The emergence of frequent alcohol consumption is first seen in the upper classes and royalty because these people not only have the time to devote to this form of leisure, but they possess the money to finance these habits as well (Haine). This image of a luxurious aristocratic lifestyle appeals to all other members of society who, in turn, wish to emulate this behavior themselves. The idea of alcohol use as a fashion is the stimulus that causes its practice to spread throughout all levels of society. The upper class may be where the practice of regular alcohol consumption originates, but the working class is the group of peo... ...Reviews.com Inc. 16 Nov 2002 . This article is a post by someone who has tried the alternate (legal) versions of absinthe and it provides descriptions of the drink and some of its effects. Haine, W. Scott. The World of the Paris Cafà ©: Sociability among the French Working Class, 1789-1914. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996. This book is extremely interesting and helpful because it provides insight into how drinking was different for members of each class and the trends in social behavior. Murdock, Catherine Gilbert. Domesticating Drink: Women, Men, and Alcohol in America, 1870-1940. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998. This book provided a resource on the traditional gender roles of alcohol consumption and the changes that were seen overtime in these positions.

Interviews: Indian Institutes of Management and Personal Interview

Personality Assessment Round Process Details (2013-2015 batch) By now, you must be quite familiar with the different processes that various B-schools use in the second round of their selection program. Let us now look at some individual institutes to get a better grasp of the mechanism they use in order to select the best candidates. Please note that institutes do keep tinkering with their selection processes from time-to-time. Therefore, this list can only help you to understand all the stages that an institute has used for selection in recent years with specific focus on last year's method.However, please remember that it is quite likely that in subsequent years, an institute may use radically different processes as well. IIM Ahmedabad: Process: PGPM: Essay Writing Task + Personal Interview ABM: Group Discussion + Personal Interview Essay Writing: The candidates were given 1 minute to think and 10 minutes to write on the topic. Most of the topics were either general in nature or re lated to current affairs. Some of the topics given to the candidates were – â€Å"CAG is slowing down progress in India's telecom and mining sector†, â€Å"Obsession with constant research by smartphone companies has had a serious effect on our social life.†, â€Å"It is advisable to raise the legal drinking age limit to 25 years for responsible drinking. †Group Discussion: Usually, the Group Discussions involved case studies. Candidates were typically given a few minutes to read the case study and prepare their points. At the end of the discussion, candidates had to write a summary of the discussion. Personal Interview: Personal interviews were conducted after completion of the essay writing task / Group Discussion and, generally, lasted for about 15-20 minutes. In this round, candidates were interviewed by panels of two members each.Those with prior work experience were asked detailed questions pertaining to their experience and their company's business , its market share, growth prospects, industry prospects, turnover, etc. Some candidates were also asked indepth questions pertaining to their job profile and how their previous educational qualifications were being utilized in their current job profile. Candidates with no work experience were generally asked questions relevant to their academic background while a few candidates with prior work experience were also asked questions related to subjects from their academic background.Interestingly, almost all the candidates were asked a few questions from Mathematics as well. The questions related to Mathematics were primarily from areas like probability, distribution curves, statistics, etc. The candidates were also questioned about their hobbies and were expected to have an in-depth knowledge about them. Some candidates were also asked questions about the essay written by them. Specifically for ABM, candidates were asked questions regarding agriculture and why they wanted to join the ABM program. IIM Bangalore: Process: Essay Writing Task + Personal InterviewEssay Writing: The candidates were given 10 minutes to think about the given topic and 20 minutes to write on the topic. Most of the topics were related to current affairs. The candidates were required to do a thorough analysis of the topic and in some cases, from a particular point of view. Some of the topics given to the candidates were – â€Å"Is crime rate in urban India high mainly due to economic disparities? †, â€Å"The world is in social, economic and political turmoil. Any suggestions to improve. †, â€Å"Recently a law has been passed to ban A-rated films on television. Why do you think this decision has been taken? †Personal Interview: Each interview panel comprised three members – two professors and one alumnus of the institute. The interviews were mostly very general in nature. Candidates were asked questions pertaining to various aspects of their CV and SOP (Statement of Purpose) and the panel was typically quite pleasant and friendly. The interviews usually started with the panelists asking the candidates to talk about themselves. Some of the candidates were asked about current developments involving their company or industry. Some of them were also asked analytical questions on issues surrounding their industry / area of work.Typically, most of the candidates were asked a few questions regarding what they had written in their SOPs. IIM Calcutta: Process: Essay Writing Task + Personal Interview Essay Writing: Candidates were allotted 15 minutes to write on the topic. The word limit for the essay was 200 words. The topics given were general in nature and typically required analysis of an issue. Some of the topics given to the candidates were – â€Å"Corruption in sports committees and government interference are degrading the quality of sports in India. Elaborate and provide remedies.†, â€Å"The television media focuses more on violence, disaster and negative news. Why is it so? †, â€Å"What are your views on FDI in retail? †Personal Interview: Mostly, panels which interviewed the candidates had three members. The interviews were largely general in nature. Most of the candidates were asked questions pertaining to various aspects of their CV. Some of them were asked in-depth questions about their subjects or areas of interest. Several candidates were asked detailed questions about their prior work-experience and their reasons for choosing to pursue an MBA. IIM Lucknow:Process: Essay Writing Task + Group Discussion + Personal Interview Essay Writing: Candidates were allotted 15 minutes to write on the assigned topic. The word limit for the essay was 200 words. The topics given were philosophical / abstract. Some of the topics given to candidates were – â€Å"Fame and riches are fleeting, stupidity is eternal†, â€Å"A great city should not be confused with a populous one †, â€Å"Engine is the heart of an airplane and the pilot is its soul†. Group Discussion: The Group Discussion was held immediately after the essay writing. The topic was the same as the Essay writing task.Each group comprised 10-12 candidates. The groups were given 15 minutes to discuss the topic. Personal Interview: Panels comprising two members interviewed candidates. The interviews were very general in nature and often focused primarily on the candidate's goals and aims, as well as past experiences. Detailed questions related to area of work / job profile were common as were questions related to one's subjects of study while pursuing graduation. Many candidates were asked about their decision to pursue MBA and the candidates who had applied for ABM were asked about their reasons for opting for ABM.Candidates were also asked questions pertaining to various aspects of their CV. While most of the interviews lasted for about 20-25 minutes, some candidates reported very brief interviews of just about 8-10 minutes. IIM Indore: Process: Essay Writing Task + Personal Interview Essay Writing: Candidates were allotted 30 minutes to write on the given topic. The word limit for the essay was 300 words. The topics given were very general and analytical in nature. Some of the topics given to the candidates were – â€Å"Today's popular TV serials depict a life different from normal life.Is it a form of escapism or just for entertainment? †, â€Å"How does migration of people into other countries affect nationalism and patriotism? †, â€Å"With so many mergers and acquisitions by big business houses in India, is there any future for small scale enterprises in the country? Suggest ways to help out small scale enterprises. †, â€Å"Despite advances in medical science, progress is slow. Should research knowledge be shared with other scientists or should it be a closely guarded secret? † Personal Interview: The candidates were i nterviewed by a panel of three members.The interviews often focused primarily on a candidate's academic background. Detailed questions related to the candidate's subjects of study while pursuing graduation were asked to almost all candidates, even those who had more than two years of prior work experience. Candidates with work experience were generally asked detailed questions about their job profile. Some candidates were queried on their decision to quit their job and pursue an MBA. Quite a few candidates were also asked questions about their hobbies and extracurricular activities while some were also asked questions about  current affairs, specifically questions related to the budget.Interviews typically lasted for about 25 to 35 minutes. IIM Kozhikode: Process: Essay Writing Task + Personal Interview Essay Writing: Candidates were allotted 45 minutes to write on the given topic. The word limit for the essay was 500 words. The topics given were philosophical. Some of the topics were – â€Å"I don't know the key to success, but the key to failure is trying to please everyone†, â€Å"Forgive your enemies but don't forget their names†, â€Å"Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence†.Personal Interview: Panels comprising two members interviewed the candidates. The interviews did not have a set pattern; rather, they were more panel-dependent. While some candidates reported that their interviews were very general in nature and focused on their goals and aims, others reported that their interviews comprised only current affairs questions. Some candidates even reported that they were asked questions pertaining to their academic background only. Interviews generally were 20-30 minutes long. IIM Shillong: Process: Group Discussion (Case study + Essay) + Personal InterviewGroup Discussion: Each group comprised 8-10 students. They were given a topic and the candidates were allotted 10 minutes to read the topic and write on it. This to pic was then discussed by the group for 15 minutes. The topics given were small cases which described certain scenarios. The candidates had to present their perspectives on the given case. The cases were quite general in nature. Some of the cases given to the candidates were – â€Å"A diamond necklace has been stolen fromjewellery store. There is no evidence. The security in-charge decides to pin the blame on the person who last handled the necklace.It was also pointed out that the accused had provided some fake data in his joining application form. Decide whether he can be expelled on that basis, with the charge of theft. †, â€Å"An automobile company had done whatever they could to ramp up the production like overtime, compensation increment etc. There was an employee aged around 30 who died on the floor of the factory. He had been doing overtime to get extra compensation for his family needs. Now the production manager wanted to increase the production owing to th e impending festival season.But the employees disagreed on grounds of the death, and demanded 200% increment in overtime compensation. What should the production manager do? † Personal Interview: A panel, typically comprising three members, interviewed candidates. The panelists were reported to be very pleasant. The interviews generally focused on current affairs and the candidate's academic background. Questions on current affairs were asked in order to get the candidate's opinions on various issues and these opinions were then thoroughly discussed.At times, these questions were also based on the interest areas mentioned by candidates in their resume. A few candidates with prior work experience were also questioned in detail about the nature and technical aspect of their work. Some candidates were also asked ethical questions, like â€Å"What is the difference between right and wrong? †, â€Å"Is it right for the pharma companies to give gifts to medical practitioners ? †, etc. Interviews typically lasted for about 20 to 30 minutes. New IIMs Joint Process: Process: Essay Writing Task + Personal InterviewEssay Writing: For this task, candidates were allotted 20 minutes to write on the given topic and the word limit was 300 words. The topics given were very general in nature, like – â€Å"MBA, B. Tech are gearing up with the market. Are the courses like Literature, Sociology, etc. irrelevant in education today? Give your opinion†, â€Å"What if a business chooses to focus on the bottom of the pyramid? Is innovation really necessary for the growth of a business? †, â€Å"Social networking strengthens relationships but also makes youngsters lonely. †Personal Interview: Interviews were conducted after completion of the essay writing task. Candidates were interviewed by a panel of two members. The interviews were largely pleasant and stress-free. Different candidates were asked different kinds of questions; there was n o set pattern to the interviews. While some of the candidates with prior work experience were asked detailed questions pertaining to their experience, including details about their company; other candidates were primarily asked questions pertaining to their goals and ambitions.Questions such as how do subjects from your graduation help you in your job, etc. were also asked. Some candidates were also asked questions related to their academic background, their hobbies and even the effects of the most recent budget. FMS, Delhi: Process: Group Discussion + Extempore + Personal Interview Group Discussion: Group discussions typically lasted for about 14 minutes. Each group was given one minute to think before the discussion began and one minute to conclude the discussion. Every group comprised 10 to 15 candidates. The topics given to the candidates for discussion were general in nature.Some of them were – â€Å"Formal education stems the free spirit. †, â€Å"Should sting o perations be carried out? †, â€Å"Morals and values are on the decline in India†. Extempore: The extempore was typically conducted at the start of the personal interview. Candidates were given their topic and 1 minute to speak on it. No preparation time was given. A stopwatch was kept on a table in front of the candidate so that he / she could keep a tab on the time. Topics allotted to the candidates were general in nature and many of them were given topics that were somewhat related to their work.For e.g. , a candidate, who had worked in the Oil and Gas sector, was given the topic â€Å"Energy sector in India†. Another candidate, who had work experience in the field of Data Analytics and had qualified for the Maths Olympiad, was asked to speak about â€Å"Infinity†. Personal Interview:Typically, interviews were quite brief and continued for about 5 minutes. Most of them were conducted by a panel of three interviewers. The interviews were quite general in nature. Questions primarily dealt with current affairs and / or hobbies and interest areas mentioned by candidates in their forms.A few candidates reported that they were also queried about their ambitions and future plans. MDI, Gurgaon: Process: Group Discussion + Personal Interview Group Discussion: Typically, around 12 to 15 candidates participated in each group discussion and they were given around 15 minutes for the discussion. Additionally, 3 minutes were given to the group to think about the topic. At the end of every discussion, each candidate was asked to summarize what all had been discussed. Further, all the candidates were asked if they wanted to say something more on the topic.In some groups, candidates were also asked to write down a conclusion of the discussion at the end. Topics for the discussion were very general in nature, like – â€Å"Certainty of justice is more important than severity of punishment. †, â€Å"Does Reservation in Higher Education hamper the real purpose of Education? †, â€Å"Should religious teachings be taught in our schools to inculcate better values in students? † Personal Interview: Generally, a panel consisting of two members interviewed the candidates while a few candidates reported that there was only one interviewer in their case.The average interview lasted for around 10 minutes. However, there were some students who reported that their interview went on for 30 minutes and some others said that theirs lasted hardly 5 minutes. The interviews were quite pleasant and were very general in nature. Candidates were typically queried about their opinions on various issues of current affairs. In many cases, candidates were also queried on the topic that was given to them for their group discussion. Candidates with work experience were also asked questions related to their job profile and the industry they were in.

Who Was Harriet Tubman

Harriet Tubman, born in 1820, was a runaway slave from Maryland who became known as the Moses of her people. Over the course of 10 years, and at great personal risk, she led hundreds of slaves to freedom along the Underground Railroad, a secret network of safe houses where runaway slaves could stay on their journey north to freedom. She later became a leader in the abolitionist movement, and during the Civil War she was a spy with for the federal forces in South Carolina as well as a nurse. Although not a traditional railroad, the underground railroad was a critical system of transporting slaves to freedom in the mid-1800s. One of the most famous conductors was Harriet Tubman. Between 1850 and 1858, she helped more than 300 slaves reach freedom. Early Years and Escape from Slavery Tubmans name at birth was Araminta Ross. She was one of 11 children of Harriet and Benjamin Ross born into slavery in Dorchester County, Maryland. As a child, Ross was hired out by her master as a nursemaid for a small baby, much like the nursemaid in the picture. Ross had to stay awake all night so that the baby wouldnt cry and wake the mother. If Ross fell asleep, the babys mother whipped her. From a very young age, Ross was determined to gain her freedom. As a slave, Araminta Ross was scarred for life when she refused to help in the punishment of another young slave. A young man had gone to the store without permission, and when he returned, the overseer wanted to whip him. He asked Ross to help but she refused. When the young man started to run away, the overseer picked up a heavy iron weight and threw it at him. He missed the young man and hit Ross instead. The weight nearly crushed her skull and left a deep scar. She was unconscious for days, and suffered from seizures for the rest of her life. In 1844, Ross married a free black named John Tubman and took his last name. She also changed her first name, taking her mothers name, Harriet. In 1849, worried that she and the other slaves on the plantation were going to be sold, Tubman decided to run away. Her husband refused to go with her, so she set out with her two brothers, and followed the North Star in the sky to guide her north to freedom. Her brothers became frightened and turned back, but she continued on and reached Philadelphia. There she found work as a household servant and saved her money so she could return to help others escape. Harriet Tubman During the Civil War During the Civil War, Tubman worked for the Union army as a nurse, a cook, and a spy. Her experience leading slaves along the Underground Railroad was especially helpful because she knew the land well. She recruited a group of former slaves to hunt for rebel camps and report on the movement of the Confederate troops. In 1863, she went with Colonel James Montgomery and about 150 black soldiers on a gunboat raid in South Carolina. Because she had inside information from her scouts, the Union gunboats were able to surprise the Confederate rebels. At first, when the Union Army came through and burned plantations, slaves hid in the woods. But when they realized that the gunboats could take them behind Union lines to freedom, they came running from all directions, bringing as many of their belongings as they could carry. Tubman later said, I never saw such a sight. Tubman played other roles in the war effort, including working as a nurse. Folk remedies she learned during her years living in Maryland would come in very handy. Tubman worked as a nurse during the war, trying to heal the sick. Many people in the hospital died from dysentery, a disease associated with terrible diarrhea. Tubman was sure she could help cure the sickness if she could find some of the same roots and herbs that grew in Maryland. One night she searched the woods until she found water lilies and cranes bill (geranium). She boiled the water lily roots and the herbs and made a bitter-tasting brew that she gave to a man who was dying -- and it worked! Slowly he recovered. Tubman saved many people in her lifetime. On her grave, her tombstone reads Servant of God, Well Done. Conductor of the Underground Railroad After Harriet Tubman escaped from slavery, she returned to slave-holding states many times to help other slaves escape. She led them safely to the northern free states and to Canada. It was very dangerous to be a runaway slave. There were rewards for their capture, and ads like you see here described slaves in detail. Whenever Tubman led a group of slaves to freedom, she placed herself in great danger. There was a bounty offered for her capture because she was a fugitive slave herself, and she was breaking the law in slave states by helping other slaves escape. If anyone ever wanted to change his or her mind during the journey to freedom and return, Tubman pulled out a gun and said, Youll be free or die a slave! Tubman knew that if anyone turned back, it would put her and the other escaping slaves in danger of discovery, capture or even death. She became so well known for leading slaves to freedom that Tubman became known as the Moses of Her People. Many slaves dreaming of freedom sang the spiritual Go Down Moses. Slaves hoped a savior would deliver them from slavery just as Moses had delivered the Israelites from slavery. Tubman made 19 trips to Maryland and helped 300 people to freedom. During these dangerous journeys she helped rescue members of her own family, including her 70-year-old parents. At one point, rewards for Tubmans capture totaled $40,000. Yet, she was never captured and never failed to deliver her passengers to safety. As Tubman herself said, On my Underground Railroad I [never] run my train off [the] track [and] I never [lost] a passenger.